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Thursday, May 4, 2023

What Impact Learning Languages Has on the Brain

By: Sammy Pierre


Learning a new language isn’t an easy thing to do and oftentimes people fear just the idea of it. However, there may be a new reason to pick one up if you’re on the fence. In a recent study done by NeuroImage, they showed how certain languages can affect the physical wiring in one’s brain. 

This article will be looking into just what kind of impact picking up a new language can have on an individual. 

Left and Right Hemispheres

In the study done by NeuroImage, they focused on German and Arabic speakers; it was hinted how these groups were one of the firsts to have their different connection strengths identified in certain areas of the brain. 

Neuroscientist Alfred Anwander says that people who know multiple languages are different because the “specific difficulties [of each language] leave distinct traces in the brain.” In other words, because each language has its own set of difficulties, the brain will shape and mold according to said language. 

This was able to be observed because of the two languages selected for the experiment. The German speakers were more likely to have stronger connections in the left hemisphere while the Arabic speakers, who had just moved to Germany and did not yet speak the language, were more likely to have stronger connections on the right side. 

How does the brain know which side to use for German speakers vs Arabic speakers? Our brain is made up of different regions connected by white matter. The tissue uses nerve cells similar to wires to connect one part of the brain to another. The more this connection is put to use, the stronger it becomes. 

For the German speakers, their language allows for them to move words around in a sentence and it still be coherent. This would play a role in how the left hemisphere is able to analyze what order the words are in. For Arabic speakers, their language may rely more on the right hemisphere in which they analyze sounds and words due to the complexity of their roots. 

Benefits

People choose to study a new language for all types of reasons. Some need to know a second language because of their job while others may need one if moving to a foreign country. Some people pick one up as a hobby while others use it to stay sharp and improve different aspects of their life. 

Dr. Olga Amarie, a French professor at Georgia Southern University, has been all over the world and picked up a few different languages along the way. Along with French and English, she also speaks Romanian and Russian. 

“It wasn’t easy but it’s been very beneficial,” Amarie said. “I read the news in French, watch Russian films and I have access to more information.”

As a teacher at the university for over 10 years she’s been able to see how learning new languages has impacted her students. 

“Some of them can now travel and survive in other countries, experience other cultures and if they’re looking for a job it helps them in that way as well.”

With a majority of her students being older than sixty, some of them also use it as a way to keep up their memory. Along with memory, it can also help with critical thinking and creativity as well. 

The benefits of picking up a second language are truly endless and fulfilling. 

“I wish everybody would consider taking a foreign language.”






Sources

Dr. Olga Amarie: oamarie@georgiasouthern.edu